Browsing by Author "Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member"

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An Alternative Laundering Procedure to Predict the Durability of Flame Retardant Fabric
(2003-08-21) Lumley, Amy Catherine; Dr. William Swallow, Committee Member; Dr. Brent Smith, Committee Member; Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member; Dr. Peter Hauser, Committee Chair
This project set out to determine an alternative laundering procedure to predict the durability of flame retardant fabrics while decreasing the overall cost and time involved for testing. Fabric was washed using conventional methods to be used as standards. These fabrics were characterized by burning characteristics, elemental analysis, fabric weight, percent weight change, shrinkage, color, and strength. Then fabrics were washed using an alternative method and characterized in the same manner. The alternative laundering procedure involved a programmable machine, Quickwash Plus. Parameters on the machine were varied to simulate x number of washings using a conventional industrial wash.
Color in Ink-Jet Printing: Influence of Structural and Optical Characteristics of textiles
(2008-04-19) Bae, JiHyun; Professor R. Alan Donaldson, Committee Member; Dr. Traci A. M. Lamar, Committee Chair; Dr. Trevor J. Little, Committee Co-Chair; Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member
An Evaluation of Anoxic/Aerobic Treatment for the Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Fiber Reactive Azo Dye Color
(2005-04-26) Pisczek, Jaime Christine; Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member; Dr. Henry Boyter, Jr., Committee Member; Dr. Brent Smith, Committee Chair; Dr. Gary Smith, Committee Member
Textile dye effluent is mainly characterized by salts, organic matter, and color and the color of water discharged by manufacturing locations may be regulated. Industry is constantly searching for more effective and economical methods for meeting these regulations. The standard method of treating textile wastes uses aerobic microorganisms to cost effectively decompose organic waste. This process is ineffective in removing color related to azo dyes. Fiber reactive azo dyes, which represent a significant market portion, were chosen for investigation in this study and four hydrolyzed dyestuffs were utilized, containing C. I. Reactive Red 198, Yellow 86, Black 5, and Violet 5. This research investigated the effectiveness of a sequential anoxic/aerobic treatment process for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fiber reactive azo dye color from wastewater using a bench-scale treatment system. The performance of the anoxic/aerobic process was compared to a bench-scale aerobic system, which represented a conventional treatment system. A viable anoxic/aerobic biomass was developed and acclimated to a synthetic influent. Using fully acclimated biomass, kinetic rate studies were performed to determine the percent and rates of COD and color removal by the anoxic/aerobic process and the aerobic control. The rate of COD removal under aerobic conditions was twice the rate under anoxic conditions. The percent COD removal by the anoxic/aerobic process was 95% vs. 97% removal by the aerobic control. The rate of color removal was highest for Reactive Violet 5, followed by Reactive Black 5, Reactive Red 198, and Reactive Yellow 86. For each dye, the degradation rate during the anoxic phase was over ten times the rate during the aerobic phase. The percent color removal by the anoxic phase was five times the removal by the aerobic phase and by the aerobic control. Reactive Yellow 86 exhibited lower color removal and certain structural differences, as compared to the other three dyes studied. This information indicates that certain structural features prevent degradation of a dye under both anoxic and aerobic conditions. In terms of process design, the kinetic rate studies for COD and color removal indicate that the majority of the time in an anoxic/aerobic cycle should be devoted to the anoxic phase, in order to maximize color removal. Since certain products of dye degradation have been identified as toxic, the toxicity removal of the anoxic/aerobic system must be investigated before specific design recommendations can be made.
An Improved Analytical Method for the Analysis of Reactive Dyes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(2006-04-18) Salley, Cindy; Dr. Morteza Khaledi, Committee Member; Dr. Keith Beck, Committee Chair; Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member
High Performance Liquid Chromatography or HPLC is a technique that is commonly used for the analysis of many different compounds. For the analysis of reactive dyes, ion-pair chromatography (IPC) is often implemented, but previous methods in the literature are a decade old and have not allowed for the analysis of highly complex dyes such as Reactive Blue 21, a copper pthlalocyanine reactive dye. In this work, IPC of reactive dyes is improved by examining a variety of different factors. Factors examined were ion-pair reagents and column stationary phases. Gradient adjustments, including gradient elution, curve, and time were examined to improve the analysis of Reactive Blue 21. Reactive Blue 21 is further examined through hydrolysis and two dyeings, exhaust dyeing and pad batch. A proposed grouping of peaks, referring to the structure of Reactive Blue 21, is given from the hydrolysis experiment, and the peaks are comparable to those shown in the two dyeings. Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), an ion pair reagent, along with the Atlantis C18 column provided the best analysis for the reactive dyes studied. For Reactive Blue 21, decreasing the slope of the gradient curve greatly increased the number of peaks resolved. Subsequently, these peaks could be ascribed to the hydroxyethylsulfone (HES), vinyl sulfone (VS), or sulfatoethylsulfone (SES) forms of the dye based on the rate of change of peak percent area shown in the hydrolysis and dyeing experiments.
Use of Modified Cellulose for the Improvement of Water Repellency
(2008-09-14) Goli, Kiran Kumar; Dr. David Hinks, Committee Member; Dr. Richard Spontak, Committee Member; Dr. Peter Hauser, Committee Chair