Browsing by Author "Henry Boyter, Committee Member"

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Co-Presence of Durable Flame Retardant and Repellent Nano-Finishes.
(2010-05-13) Halbur, Jonathan; Xiangwu Zhang, Committee Chair; Jeffrey Joines, Committee Member; Henry Boyter, Committee Member; William Oxenham, Committee Member; Peter Hauser, Committee Member
Durable and Non-Toxic Topical Flame Retardants for Cotton and Cotton Blends
(2008-04-26) Mathews, Marc Christopher; Brent Smith, Committee Co-Chair; Peter Hauser, Committee Member; Kristin Thoney, Committee Member; Henry Boyter, Committee Member
Flame retardant chemicals were used as topical finishes on cotton and cotton blended fabric. Comparison of flame resistance and durability of non-bromine/non-antimony flame retardants were explored based on flame resistance testing and physical testing results. Three 100% cotton fabrics and 3 cotton blended fabrics were used. Twenty one different commercially available flame retardants were used as topical finishes on all fabric types. Fabrics were treated and tested at 0, 5, 10 and 25 washes. Final results show that two of the phosphorus flame retardants were durable to 25 washes. Physical testing results show that there were undesirable side effects from the two durable topical treatments. The two phosphorus based flame retardants outperformed the bromine⁄antimony flame retardants and the non-treated samples in flame resistance.
Durable Nanolayer Graft Polymerization of Textile Finishes: Waterproof and Antibacterial Breathable Fabrics via Plasma Treatment for Single Sided Treatments.
(2010-05-06) Davis, Rachel; Ahmed El-Shafei, Committee Chair; Peter Hauser, Committee Chair; Henry Boyter, Committee Member; Abdel-fattah Seyam, Committee Member
Process Development and Optimization for High Efficiency Fiber Reactive Dyes for Cotton
(2006-04-24) Carrigg, Riley Jo; Brent Smith, Committee Co-Chair; Gary Smith, Committee Co-Chair; Harold Freeman, Committee Member; Henry Boyter, Committee Member
Fiber reactive dyes are important in dyeing textiles because they are unequally in their ability to confer bright wetfast shades on cotton fabric. While fiber reactive dyes are commonly employed for this purpose, the use of these dyes can introduce high costs and environmental concerns. For example, their fixation levels can be as low as 50% and high salt levels are typically needed to achieve desired shades. Thus, a mechanism for increasing fixation and exhaustion efficiencies in an economical way would enhance the value of these dyes to the textile industry. With these points in mind, researchers at North Carolina State University have studied a reactive dye modification that holds promise for achieving desirable exhaustion and fixation efficiencies. Specifically, the reactivity and affinity of some widely used dichlorotriazine (DCT) reactive dyes was enhanced using a straightforward 2-step process to convert commercial dyes to structures of types 1-4. In laboratory dyeing studying it was determined that type 2 dyes gave the best results in affinity and shade depth assessments. It remained to be shown that these dyes could be applied in an industrial dyeing setting. This thesis research focuses on applying the type 2 modified dyes in a commercial-scale manufacturing setting in order to further assess the benefits of the modified dyes. In preliminary studies, laboratory-scale dyeings were conducted to further investigate the color strength relationships between the modified and commercial dyes. As the main thrust of this research, dyeings were conducted in the pilot plant at North Carolina State University in order to simulate a production environment. An optimized batch dyeing procedure was developed for the application of the modified dyes, including optimal temperature, salt and alkali concentrations, time, and bath ratio. It has been found that level dyeings can be readily produced using industrial scale equipment, and there was no adverse change in fastness arising from using the modified dyes in lieu of commercially available DCT reactive dyes. Further, it is clear that high fixation levels and deep shades are obtained using the modified dyes at lower dyeing temperatures and salt levels than commonly employed for the commercial dyes.