Seismic tremor at the 9°50'N East Pacific Rise eruption site.
No Thumbnail Available
Files
Date
2009-04-22
Authors
Journal Title
Series/Report No.
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Ocean bottom seismic observations within the 9°50’ N region of the East Pacific Rise indicate persistent, low-amplitude tremor activity throughout the October 2003 through February 2007 period of monitoring. These signals exhibit either mono- or polychromatic spectral characteristics, with a ~6 Hz fundamental frequency and up to two harmonics. Individual events cannot be correlated between nearby (<1 km) stations, implying the presence of multiple, small-amplitude sources positioned within the shallow crust. Tremor exhibits a semi-diurnal periodicity, with some stations recording activity during times of increasing tidal extension and others detecting tremor signals during times of increasing compression. The amplitude, duration, and rate of activity also correlate positively with fortnightly changes in the amplitude of the tides. These spatio-temporal patterns are consistent with tremor generation in response to tidally modulated fluid flow within a network of shallow cracks. Tremor energy flux is spatially and temporally heterogeneous; however, there are extended periods of greater and lesser activity that can be tracked across portions of the array. Despite their shallow crustal origin, changes in tremor amplitude and spectral character occur in the months prior to a major microearthquake swarm and inferred seafloor spreading event on 22 January 2006, with an increase in the degree of correlation between tremor activity and tidal strain observed in the weeks leading up to this event. After the spreading event, two eruption-surviving stations near the axis continue to show high rates of tremor activity; whereas, these signals are suppressed at the single station recovered from the near-axis flanks. This off-axis quiescence may result from the dike-induced closing of cracks, or perhaps from the emplacement of impermeable flows near the station.
Description
Keywords
volcanic eruption, seismic tremor, East Pacific Rise, tidal influences
Citation
Degree
MS
Discipline
Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
