U.S. International Container Trade: Trends, Air Quality Effects, and Best Practices for Mitigation
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Date
2009-04-23
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Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to identify relationships between international trade and air quality, and to identify principles and practices to mitigate the air quality impacts of trade growth. The focus is on container trade. The primary modes examined are trucking, rail, and marine. After a brief background on the magnitude of U.S. international container trade, the paper identifies trends in international and domestic container transportation. Freight contributions to national and regional emissions are described. Air quality at major gateways and hubs is examined. Current and proposed emission and fuel standards are discussed and compared across modes. Projections of future freight emissions and modal contributions are discussed. Principles are described to guide the evaluation of mitigation practices. A list of practices is compiled for each mode, including technology, operational, institutional, and infrastructure approaches. Recommendations are given for mitigation strategies and for further research.
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Keywords
air quality, freight, gateway, ultrafine, trends, best practices, emissions
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Degree
MS
Discipline
Civil Engineering
