Charlotte Police and Fire Training Academy: potential perand polyfluorinated alkyl substances remedial alternatives
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Date
2022-07
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Abstract
LIBBEY, STEPHEN RICHARD. Charlotte Police and Fire Training Academy: potential perand
polyfluorinated alkyl substances remedial alternatives (Under the direction of Dr. Jennifer
Richmond-Bryant).
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have been used since the 1940s in
many industry products as surfactants and in consumer products as water and oil repellents. Due
to their widespread use, PFAS have been detected in environmental compartments and humans.
Human exposure to PFAS has been associated with a variety of diseases and cancers. Currently,
regulatory groundwater standards only exist for a few select PFAS compounds. Cleanup of
PFAS impacted sites can be an expensive and long-term process due to their persistence in the
environment. Impacts of PFAS on soil and groundwater have been associated with historical use
of aqueous film-forming firefighting foams (AFFF), which have been identified at a municipal
fire training facility in Charlotte, North Carolina. Based on a literature review and an evaluation
of site conditions, several potential emerging technologies were identified that can be deployed
at the training facility to meet the site remediation strategy. Of the potential technologies, the
preferred remediation alternatives include source area soil excavation and reagent adsorbent
solution injection for the shallow groundwater aquifer and pump and treat technology for the
bedrock groundwater aquifer. Due to several literature data gaps, assessment activities and cost
estimates are needed to determine if the preferred treatment alternative is the most economically
and technologically feasible remedial alternative for the site.
