Improving the Academic Achievement of African American Males: A Case Study of African American Male Perceptions of Attempted Instructional Strategies

Abstract

Numerous studies in the educational literature have reported the concern educators and community members have over the achievement gap between African American and white males. African American males currently score below white Americans on most standardized tests. Research has shown that this gap leads to serious negative consequences for African American males, such as suspensions, nonpromotions, school dropout, unemployment, crime, and incarceration. More effort is needed to improve these students' academic performance.

Existing studies involved programs that focused in academic achievement. In this qualitative study, the researcher explored the African American male students' perceptions of instructional strategies used in the classroom and whether those strategies influenced their academic needs. The case study focused on factors that influenced improved academic achievement in African American males by examining the students' perceptions of instructional strategies, teachers' instructional beliefs, and comparing the similarities and differences to those in the current literature. Data were obtained through interviews and observations of 12 African American males, 2 teachers, and school administrators in a middle school.

Findings revealed that the middle-school-aged African American males preferred lessons that were related to their real-life experiences and to their future. The more fun and stimulating the lessons, the greater their interest in learning. Family members, role models,and teachers had the greatest influence on students' motivation to learn. These findings support the need for staff development that includes extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Teachers need to understand the value that encouragement can bring to African American males, and, as significant, teachers must understand the males themselves—what their needs and concerns are, and how to motivate them.